Apache

…following westward expansion of the United States and the resulting impacts to their livelihoods, attempts began in the mid-1850s to relocate the Jicarilla Apache, who became increasingly hostile to these pressures. In addition, relations with the Spanish also became hostile when the Spanish captured and sold Apache tribal members into slavery. After years of warfare, broken treaties, relocation and being the only southwestern tribe without a reservation, the two Jicarilla Llanero and Ollero bands agreed to move to a Reservation under the authorization of President Grover Cleveland. Although they had finally agreed to a reservation, it was spiritually disheartening to realize that they would no longer roam on their traditional holy lands and have access to the sacred places.